Investigating Nonliterary Translation Shifts by Concentrating on United Nations Text Using Pekkanen’s (2010) Model

Table of Contents

Title                                                                                                                                    Page  

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………i

Dedication………………………………………………………………..……………………ii

Contents………………………………………………………………….……………………iii

List of Tables………………………………………………………….………………………vi

List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………v

List of Abbreviations………………………………………………….…………………..….viii

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………….….1

Chapter One: Introduction

1.0. Overview………………………………………………….……………………….………..3

1.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………….…….3

1.2. Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………………………..5

1.3. Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………..…..6

1.4. Objectives of the Study…………………………………………………………….…..…8

           1.4.1. Research Questions…………………………………………………….…………8

           1.4.2. Research Hypotheses………………………………………………………..…..8

1.5. Definition of Key Terms…………………………………………………………………..8

1.6. Chapterization…………………………………………………………………….…..…..9

1.7. Summary of the Chapter…………………………………………………..………..…….10

Chapter Two: Literature Review

2.0. Overview………………………………………………………………………………….12

2.1. Translation Shift…………………………………………………………………….……12

2.2. Literature in the World…………………………………………………………..……..…15

2.3. Literature in Iran………………………………………………………………..…….…..18

2.4. Summary of the Chapter………………………………………………………………….20

Chapter Three: Methodology

3.0. Overview…………………………………………………………………………….……22

3.1. Data of the Study…………………………………………………………………………22

3.2. Design of the Study……………………………………………………………..……….23

3.3. Procedure of the Study……………………………………………………………….…..23

3.4. Theoretical Framework of the Study………………………………………………….….24

           3.4.1. Contraction Shift……………………………………………………………..…24

           3.4.2. Expansion Shift………………………………………………………………….25

           3.4.3. Miscellaneous Shift………………………………………………….……….…27

           3.4.4. Shift in Order…………………………………………………………….……. 29

3.5. The Issue of Reliability………………………………………………………………..….30

3.6. Data Analysis Techniques…………………………………………………………………30

3.7. Summary of the Chapter……………………………………………………………..……30

Chapter Four: Results and Discussion

4.0. Overview……………………………………………………………………………….…32

4.1. Analysis of the Research Questions………………………………….……………………32

           4.1.1. Analysis of Research Question One……………………………….………….…39

           4.1.2. Analysis of Research Question Two………………………………..……………40

4.2. List of Findings……………………………………………………………………..….…43

• Discussion…………………………………………………………………………..….…43

          4.3.1. Discussion on the First Research Question………………………………….……43

          4.3.2. Discussion on the Second Research Question……………………………..….…44

• Summary of the Chapter…………………………………………………………………..44

Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusions and Implications

5.0. Overview…………………………………………………………………………………46

5.1. Summary of the Previous Chapters………………………………………………………46

5.2. Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………47

5.3. Implications of the Study…………………………………………………………….….47

5.4. Limitations of the Study……………………………………………………………..……48

5.5. Prospects for Further Research ……………………………………………………….….48

5.6. Summary of the Chapter……………………………………………………….…………48

Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………49

References……………………………………………………………………….…………….54

 

 

 

List of Tables

Table 4.1. Frequencies and percentages of different strategies applied by Khiyabani………..32

Table 4.2. Frequencies and percentages of different strategies applied by Aryanpoor………..33

Table 4.3. Frequencies and percentages of contraction strategy between the two translators..34

Table 4.4. Frequencies and percentages of expansion strategy between the two translator……36

Table 4.5. Frequencies and percentages of miscellaneous strategy

                 between the two translators………………………………………………………..37

Table 4.6. Frequencies and percentages of shift in order strategy

                 between the two translators………………………………………………………..38

Table 4.7. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of normality …………………………………………..39

Table 4.8. The Chi-Square test results for different strategies applied by Khiyabani …….….39

Table 4.9. The Chi-Square test results for different strategies applied by Aryanpoor………..40

Table 4.10. The Chi-Square test results for the two translators in the

                   application of contraction strategy………………………………………….……41

Table 4.11. The Chi-Square test results for the two translators in the

                   application of expansion strategy………………………………………..……….41

Table 4.12. The Chi-Square test results for the two translators in the

                  application of miscellaneous strategy……………………………………………..42

Table 4.13. The Chi-Square test results for the two translators in the

                  application of shift in order strategy……………………..………………………..42

List of Figures

Figure 4.1. Different strategies applied by Khiyabani………………………………………..33

Figure 4.2. Different strategies applied by Aryanpoor………………………………………..34

Figure 4.3. Contraction strategy between the two translators……………………….………..35

Figure 4.4. Expansion strategy between the two translators…………………………………..36

Figure 4.5. Miscellaneous strategy between the two translators……………….……………..37

Figure 4.6. Shift in order strategy between the two translators…………………………….….38