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An Investigation of the Techniques of Teaching Conversation to Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners in English Institute Oversized Classrooms

Name: An Investigation of the Techniques of Teaching Conversation to Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners in English Institute Oversized Classrooms
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تعداد106 صفحه در فایل word

Department of English Language

M.A. in Teaching English as a Foreign Language

An Investigation of the Techniques of Teaching Conversation to Iranian

Intermediate EFL Learners in English Institute Oversized Classrooms

Abstract

The classroom is the heart of any educational system. An oversized classroom presents challenges that are nearly impossible to overcome. Classroom size has many effects on students’ engagement, behaviors, and retention and teachers’ motivation and job satisfaction. There are many factors which affect learning English conversation among Iranian intermediate EFL learners; they include selecting and utilizing a good method of teaching, motivating learners, reforming the relation between teacher and students, a good class management, modern training technology and an appropriate curriculum. Teaching English involves establishing trust and creating an environment that supports open communication. This study aims to investigate the classroom problems faced by teachers in Iranian English institute oversized classrooms and the proposed solutions are suggested for teaching conversation. According to the analysis, findings and results of the questionnaires, the three best and most useful three techniques of teaching conversation to Iranian intermediate EFL learners in English institute oversized classrooms are Communicative Language Teaching, teaching useful vocabulary for conversation and picture describing.

دسته: زبان خارجه, زبان خارجه برچسب: An Investigation of the Techniques of Teaching Conversation to Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners in English Institute Oversized Classrooms

توضیحات

Title Page

Table of contents ……………………………………………………………………..…..iii

List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………..vi

List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………..viii

List of Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………………..ix

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………x

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.0. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………..1

1.1. Statement of the Problem …………………………………………………………….4

1.2. Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………………10

1.3. Purpose of the Study …………………………………………………………………10

1.4. Research Questions of the Study ……………………………………………………11

1.5. Hypotheses of the Study …………………………………………………………….11

1.6. Definitions of Key Terms ……………………………………………………………11

1.7. Summary …………………………………………………………………………….12

Chapter 2: Literature Review

1.0. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………….14

2.1. Theoretical Framework……………………………………………………………………………………15

2.2. Review of Related Literature ………………………………………………………………………….17

2.3. Types of Classroom Conversation Performance…………………………………….30

2.4. Challenges in the English Conversation Oversized Classroom and the Solutions…..31

2.4.1. Problems found in the conversation classroom…………………………….31

2.4.2. How to encourage students to speak ………………………………………34

2.4.3. Principles for designing conversation techniques …………………………36

2.5. Some Activities to Promote Conversation……………………………………………37

2.6. Summary……………………………………………………………………………..48

Chapter 3: Methodology

3.0. Introduction …………………………………………………………………….……50

3.1. The Design of the Study ……………………………………………………….……50

3.2. Reliability Analysis of the Questionnaire (Pilot Study)……………………………………….52

3.3. Participants …………………………………………………………………………53

3.4. Materials ………………………………………………………………………………54

3.4.1. Top Notch ………………………………………………………………….55

3.4.2. English time ………………………………………………………….…….55

3.5. Procedure ……………………………………………………………………………..55

3.6. Methods of Analyzing the Data ……………………………………………………..56

3.7. Summary …………………………………………………………………………….57

Chapter 4: Results

4.0. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………..58

4.1. Data Analysis and Findings …………………………………………………………..59

4.1.1. Descriptive analysis of the data…………………………….………………..59

4.1.2. Inferential analysis of the data ………………………….……………………68

4.2. Results of Hypothesis Testing ………………………………………………………72

4.3. Summary ………………………………………………………………………………74

Chapter 5: Discussion

5.0. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….76

5.1. General Discussion ………………………………………………………………….77

5.2. Implications of the Study ……………………………………………………………80

5.3. Limitations of the Study …………………………………………………………….82

5.4. Recommendations for Further Research ………………………………………………82

5.5. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………83

References ………………………………………………………………………………..84

Appendices …………………………………………………………………………………92

List of Tables

Title Page

Table 3.1. Suggested standards for the reliability index ………………….……………..52

Table 3.2. Reliability statistics for the questionnaire ………………………………………………..53

Table 3.3. Demographic background of the participant …………………………………54

Table 4.1. Q1……………………………………………………………………………..59

Table 4.2. Q2 ………………………………………………………………………….…60

Table 4.3. Q3………………………………………………………………………………60

Table 4.4. Q4 …………………………………………………………………………….60

Table 4.5. Q5 …………………………………………………………………………….60

Table 4.6. Q6 …………………………………………………………………………….61

Table 4.7. Q7 …………………………………………………………………………….61

Table 4.8. Q8 ……………………………………………………………………………..61

Table 4.9. Q9 …………………………………………………………………………….61

Table 4.10. Q10 ………………………………………………………………………….62

Table 4.11. Q11 ………………………………………………………………………….62

Table 4.12. Q12 ………………………………………………………………………….62

Table 4.13. Q13…………………………………………………………………………..62

Table 4.14. Q14 ………………………………………………………………………….63

Table 4.15. Q15 ………………………………………………………………………….63

Table 4.16. Q16 ………………………………………………………………………….63

Table 4.17. Q17 ………………………………………………………………………….63

Table 4.18. Q18 ………………………………………………………………………….64

Table 4.19. Q19 ………………………………………………………………………….64

Table 4.20 Q20 …………………………………………………………………………..64

Table 4.21. Q21 ………………………………………………………………………….64

Table 4.22. Q22 ………………………………………………………………………….65

Table 4.23. Q23 ………………………………………………………………………….65

Table 4.24. Q24 ………………………………………………………………………….65

Table 4.25. Q25 ………………………………………………………………………….65

Table 4.26. Q26 ………………………………………………………………………….66

Table 4.27. Q27 ………………………………………………………………………….66

Table 4.28. Q28 ………………………………………………………………………….66

Table 4.29. Q29 ………………………………………………………………………….66

Table 4.30. Q30 ………………………………………………………………………….67

Table 4.31. Test statistics ………………………………………………………………..67

Table 4.32. The analogy of questions ……………………………………………………68

Table 4.33. Ascending sorting of techniques ……………………………………………70

List of Figures

Title Page

Figure 2.1. Modular classroom arrangement (Adapted from Miller 2000, p. 98) ………..45

Figure 2.2. Double horseshoe arrangement (Adapted from Gower et al., 1995, p. 22)….46

Figure 3.1. The schematic presentation of the process …………………………………..56

Figure 4.1. The comparison between all techniques …………………………………….73

Figure 4.2. The comparison between all techniques with percentage ……………………74