EXPLORING IDEOLOGIES IN INTERNATIONAL NEWS DISCOURSE: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE UKRAINIAN NEWS FROM THREE INTERNATIONAL NEWS AGENCIES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF VAN DIJK

Table of Contents

Contents                                                                                                                 Page

Chapter One: Introduction

1.0. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….. 2

1.1. New discourse………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

1.2. Objective of the study……………………………………………………………………….. 5

1.3 Research questions…………………………………………………………………………….. 6

1.4. Significance of the study…………………………………………………………………… 6

Chapter Two: Literature Review

2.0. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….. 9

2.1. Critical Discourse Analysis………………………………………………………………… 9

2.2. Discourse structure…………………………………………………………………………… 11

2.2.1. Topics: Semantic macrostructures……………………………………………….. 11

2.2.2. Local meanings…………………………………………………………………………. 11

2.2.3. The relevance of subtle ‘formal’ structures…………………………………… 12

2.2.4. Context models………………………………………………………………………… 12

2.2.5. Event models……………………………………………………………………………. 12

2.3. News discourse style………………………………………………………………………… 13

2.3.1 News syntax………………………………………………………………………………. 14

2.3.2. Word order……………………………………………………………………………….. 15

2.3.3. Lexical style……………………………………………………………………………… 15

2.4 Thematic structures…………………………………………………………………………… 15

2.4.1 Macrostructure…………………………………………………………………………. 15

2.4.2. Propositions and macro propositions………………………………………….. 15

2.4.3. Macrorules  ……………………………………………………………………………. 16

Contents                                                                                                                 Page

2.5 Major approaches in CDA………………………………………………………………….. 16

2.5.1. Siegfried JaÈger and critical discourse and dispositive analysis………. 16

2.5.2. Wodak and discourse sociolinguistics………………………………………….. 18

2.5.3. Van Dijk and Socio-Cognitive Model………………………………………….. 18

2.5.4. Fairclough and Critical Language……………………………………………….. 19

2.6 News as discourse…………………………………………………………………………….. 21

2.7 Previous critical studies regarding news events…………………………………….. 23

Chapter Three: Methods

3.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….. 28

3.1. Materials of the study………………………………………………………………………. 28

3.1.1. USA Today………………………………………………………………………………. 29

3.1.2. The St. Petersburg Times……………………………………………………………. 29

3.1.3. Iran Daily…………………………………………………………………………………. 29

3.2. Procedures of data collection…………………………………………………………….. 30

3.3. Procedure of data analysis………………………………………………………………… 30

 

Chapter Four: Results and Discussion

4.0. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….. 35

4.1. Results …………………………………………………………………………………………… 35

4.1.1. Structures and textual analysis of functions of headlines or leads of news reports in three American, Russian, and Iranian news agencies toward the clash between Russia and Ukraine     35

4.1.2. Case-wise statistical record of frequency of ideological moves of three news agencies 44

4.1.3. The balance/imbalance in the stated international news flow based on the style and thematic organization of the Ukraine issues………………………………………………………… 46

4.1.3.1 News discourse style…………………………………………………………… 46

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4.1.4. Case-wise statistical record of frequency of the balance/imbalance in the stated international news flow based on the style of the

Ukrainian issues………………………………………………………………………………….. 48

4.1.3.2 Thematic structures…………………………………………………………….. 50

4.1.3.2.1. Macrostructure, propositions and macro  propositions, macrorules         50

4.1.3. Case-wise statistical record of frequency of the balance/imbalance in the stated international news flow based on the thematic organization of the Ukrainian issues………………. 53

4.1.4 Components of van Dijk’s framework in the news reports of the three news agencies   53

4.1.5 Case-wise statistical components of van Dijk’s framework in the news reports of the three news agencies…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 72

4.2 Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………… 74

4.2.1 The Structures and textual analysis of functions of headlines or leads of news reports  74

4.2.2 The balance/imbalance in the stated international news flow based on the style and thematic organization of Ukraine issues……………………………………………………………… 76

4.2.2.1 Discourse style……………………………………………………………………… 76

4.2.2.2 Thematic organization……………………………………………………………. 78

4.2.3 Components of van Dijk’s framework in the news reports of the three news agencies   79

Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusions, and Further Research

5.0. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………. 84

5.1. Summary of the study………………………………………………………………………. 84

5.2. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………. 85

5.3. Implications of the study………………………………………………………………….. 86

5.4. Limitations of the study …………………………………………………………………… 87

5.5. Suggestions for further studies …………………………………………………………. 88

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References ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 89

 

Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 94

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

List of Tables

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Table 4.1. The frequency of ideological moves in USA Today…………………………. 44

Table 4.2. The frequency of news discourse style involved in the leads of three news agency         48

Table 4.3. Similarity or difference of the subject in headlines regarding

 1/2 March…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 50

Table 4.4. Similarity or difference of the subject in headlines regarding

 2/3 March…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51

Table 4.5. Similarity or difference of the subject in headlines regarding

 6/7 March…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51

Table 4.6. Similarity or difference of the subject in headlines regarding

 10 April……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 52

Table 4.7. Similarity or difference of the subject in headlines regarding

 13/14 April……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52

Table 4.8. Test statistic of similarity or difference of headlines in three

news agencies…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 53

Table 4.9. The frequency of the components of van Dijk’s framework

 in the news reports of the three news agencies; USA. Today, The St.

Petersburg Times, Iran daily………………………………………………………………………… 72

 

 

 

List of Figures

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Figure 4.1: The frequency of elements involved in the headlines or leads of three news agency      45

Figure 4.2: The frequency elements of news syntax involved in the leads of three news agency     49

Figure 4.3: The frequency elements of word order involved in the leads of three news agency       49

Figure 4.4: The frequency elements of lexical style involved in the leads of three news agency      49

Figure 4.5. The frequencies of the components of van Dijk’s framework in the news reports of the three news agencies…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 73