%40تخفیف

An Investigation of Responses to Compliments by Iranian Efl Learners at Upper- Intermediate Level; a Discursive Study

Name: An Investigation of Responses to Compliments by Iranian Efl Learners at Upper- Intermediate Level; a Discursive Study
SKU: 14795
Price: 210000 IRR
Availability: InStock

تعداد119 صفحه در فایل word

Department of English Language

M.A. in Teaching English as a Foreign Language

An Investigation of Responses to Compliments by Iranian Efl Learners at Upper- Intermediate Level; a Discursive Study

Abstract

The principal objective of the present research was making an effort to investigate the responses to compliments by Iranian EFL learners at upper-intermediate level; a discursive study.

To do so, 50 upper -intermediate students were chosen. After administration of OPT test, 34 upper-intermediate students who were between 19 up to 30 years old were selected (in their selections, age, their mother tongue that all of them spoke Persian with no dialect, and their levels were focused). They were divided into two groups- namely group a) and b) and each group consisted of 17 EFL learners (participants). After making sure of their proficiency level the second test, DCT, was administered.

The data obtained from the DCT were analyzed to test the CR Continuum Hypothesis (Tran, 2007), which posits that the CR strategies at or towards both ends of the acceptance to denial continuum are likely to be transferred from L1 into L2 CR use. In order to answer the other study questions, the researcher analyzed the data statistically using the SPSS statistical program, specifically using the following statistics:

1- Frequencies and percentages, and

2- Chi-square tests.

And the results showed both of the hypotheses; a) EFL learners’ compliment responses will not be closer to their L1 and b) Language proficiency does not play a role in the use of compliment responses were rejected.

دسته: زبان خارجه, زبان خارجه برچسب: An Investigation of Responses to Compliments by Iranian Efl Learners at Upper- Intermediate Level; a Discursive Study

توضیحات

Title Page

Dedication……………………………………………………………………………………………………… i

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………….. ii

Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………….. iii

List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………………………. v

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. vi

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1

1.2 Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………………………………….. 1

1.3 Significant of the study………………………………………………………………………….. 4

1.4 Statement of the problem……………………………………………………………………….. 5

1.5 Research Question of the Study……………………………………………………………. 6

1.6 Hypotheses of the Study……………………………………………………………………….. 6

1.7 Definition of key Terms………………………………………………………………………….. 6

1.8 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7

Chapter 2. Review of Literature

2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8

2.2 What is a compliment………………………………………………………………………………. 8

2.2.1 Complimenting as a speech act ……………………………………………………… 9

2.2.2 Positive face and negative face in compliment……………………………….. 10

2.2.3 Contextuality and complimenting……………………………………………………. 12

2.2.4 Functions and intentionality in complimenting……………………………….. 14

2.2.5 Status of Complimenters and Recipients………………………………………… 16

2.3 Compliments in the West ………………………………………………………………………… 17

2.4 General topics of compliments ……………………………………………………………….. 21

2.5 The definition of a compliment in the current study………………………………… 24

2.6 Linguistic realization of compliments ……………………………………………………… 24

2.7 Gender and compliments………………………………………………………………………… 27

2.8 Compliment Responses………………………………………………………………………….. 29

2.9 Compliment Formulas……………………………………………………………………………… 34

2.10 Pragmatic Knowledge……………………………………………………………………………. 41

2.11 critical perspectives on discourse………………………………………………………….. 43

2.11.1 Pragmatic and discourse transfer………………………………………………….. 45

2.11.2 Cross-cultural interaction………………………………………………………………. 47

2.11.3 Discourse and Pragmatic Transfer in Responding to Compliments 47

2.12 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………. 49

Chapter 3. Methodology

3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………… 50

3.2 Methodologies and their issues in previous speech act research…………… 50

3.2.1 What is the most acceptable method for speech act research?………. 51

3.3 On “Discourse”………………………………………………………………………………………… 51

3.3.1 Discourse Analysis………………………………………………………………………….. 52

3.3.2 Interactional Sociolinguistics…………………………………………………………… 52

3.3.3 Conversation Analysis…………………………………………………………………….. 53

3.4 Methodology of the study………………………………………………………………………… 55

3.4.1 The tools………………………………………………………………………………………….. 55

3.4.2 Participants……………………………………………………………………………………… 55

3.5 Reliability and validity of the study………………………………………………………….. 55

3.6 The procedures of the study……………………………………………………………………. 56

3.7 Ethical issues………………………………………………………………………………………….. 56

3.8 Statistical Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………… 57

3.9 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………. 57

Chapter 4. Result

4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………… 59

4.2 Data collection…………………………………………………………………………………………. 59

4.2.1 Administration of OPT……………………………………………………………………… 59

4.2.2 Data related to group A……………………………………………………………………. 60

4.2.2.1Chi-Square Test……………………………………………………………………….. 60

4.2.3 Data related to group B……………………………………………………………………. 68

4.2.3.1Chi-Square Test……………………………………………………………………….. 69

4.3 Data analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………… 76

4.4 Evidence of transfer………………………………………………………………………………… 78

Chapter 5. Discussion

5.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………… 79

5.2 General Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………. 79

5.3 Conclusions of the study…………………………………………………………………………. 80

5.4 Limitations of the Study ………………………………………………………………………….. 81

5.5 Recommendations of the study……………………………………………………………….. 81

5.6 Suggestions for further studies……………………………………………………………….. 81

5.7 Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 82

References ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 83

Appendices

Appendix 1: OPT Test……………………………………………………………………………………. 96

Appendix 2: situations…………………………………………………………………………………… 104

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Adjectives used in American compliments (from Manes & Wolfson

1981)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25

Table 2.2 Syntactic patterns of compliments and speaker gender in New

Zealand (from Holmes) …………………………………………………………………………………. 26

Table 2.3 Holmes’ (1988, 1993) taxonomy of CR strategies 35

Table 4.1 Mean of the two groups…………………………………………………………………. 60

Table 4.2 Response type to the first question……………………………………………….. 61

Table 4.3 Response type to the second question………………………………………….. 61

Table 4.4 Response type to the third question……………………………………………….. 62

Table 4.5 Response type to the forth question………………………………………………. 63

Table 4.6 Response type to the fifth question………………………………………………… 64

Table 4.7 Response type to the sixth question……………………………………………….. 64

Table 4.8 Response type to the seventh question…………………………………………… 65

Table 4.9 Response type to the eighth question……………………………………………… 66

Table 4.10 Response type to the ninth question…………………………………………….. 67

Table 4.11 Response type to the tenth question…………………………………………….. 67

Table 4.12 Test Statistics……………………………………………………………………………….. 68

Table 4.13 Response type to the first question……………………………………………… 69

Table 4.14 Response type to the second question……………………………………….. 69

Table 4.15 Response type to the third question……………………………………………… 70

Table 4.16 Response type to the forth question……………………………………………… 71

Table 4.17 Response type to the fifth question……………………………………………… 72

Table 4.18 Response type to the sixth question……………………………………………. 72

Table 4.19 Response type to the seventh question………………………………………. 73

Table 4.20 Response type to the eighth question…………………………………………. 74

Table 4.21 Response type to the ninth question……………………………………………. 75

Table 4.22 Response type to the tenth question…………………………………………… 75

Table 4.23 Test Statistics……………………………………………………………………………….. 76

Table 4.24 Percentage of CR strategies, sum of the two participant groups 77

Table 4.25 Frequency of compliment response types in English (taken from Herbert 1990:211) 78