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تعداد 40 صفحه  درword

-تعریف لغوی اهلیت :

اهلیت در لغت به معنای سزاواری ، شایستگی ، داشتن لیاقت و صلاحیت ، اشتیاق و قابلیت آمده است.[1]

2- تعریف اصطلاحی اهلیت :

 اهلیت بطور مطلق عبارتست از توانایی قانونی شخص برای دارا شدن یا اجرای حق ، توانایی قانونی برای دارا شدن حق ، اهلیت تمتع و توانایی قانونی برای اجرای حق اهلیت استیفاء نامیده می ­شود.[2]

1- جعفری لنگرودی ، محمد جعفر ، مسبوط در ترمینولوژی حقوق ، جلد اول ، انتشارات گنج دانش ، چاپ چهارم 1388 صفحه 739 و عمید ، حسن  ، فرهنگ فارسی عمید ، انتشارات امیرکبیر ، چاپ دهم 1376 صفحه 220 و لغتنامه دهخدا ، جلد 8 صفحه 529

2- صفایی ، سید حسین ، حقوق مدنی ، دوره مقدماتی ، جلد 2 ، نشر میزان 1389 صفحه 113

از آنجا که برای صحت هر معامله شرایطی لازم است که متعاملین یا طرفین قرارداد می بایست آنها را دارا بوده تا عقد یا قرارداد بر بنیان قانونی شکل گرفته و استحکام لازم را داشته باشد بر همین اساس قانونگذار در ماده 190 قانون مدنی در چهار بند شرایط اساسی صحت معامله را برشمرد و در بند 2 ماده ی فوق الاشعار اهلیت طرفین معامله را یکی از شرایط اساسی مذکور قلمداد نمود.بطوریکه اگر طرفین معامله اهلیت لازم را برای معامله نداشته باشند معامله صورت گرفته باطل و یا در مواردی غیر نافذ خواهد بود بنابراین در مباحث آتی به این مقوله خواهیم پرداخت به نحوی که ابتدا در بخش اول کلیات تحقیق راجع به تعریف اهلیت و اقسام آن از نظر فقهی و حقوقی و شرایط اهلیت استیفاء اعم از بلوغ ،عقل و رشد را مورد بررسی قرار داده و در بخش دوم به معاملات محجورین اعم از صغار، اشخاص غیر رشید و مجانین، همین طور حل تعارض مواد 212 و 213 قانون مدنی و حل تعارض تبصره­ی 2 با متن ماده­ی 1210 قانون مدنی پرداخته و در نهایت نتیجه گیری کلی از تحقیق را نیز ارائه خواهم داد.

 

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