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SIMULTANEOUS VOLTAMMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CAPTOPRIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE AS WELL AS MELAMINE ON A COPPER HYDROXIDE NANOPARTICLE-CARBON IONIC LIQUID COMPOSITE ELECTRODE
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M.Sc. THESIS IN
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
AbstractSIMULTANEOUS VOLTAMMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CAPTOPRIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE AS WELL AS MELAMINE ON A COPPER HYDROXIDE NANOPARTICLE-CARBON IONIC LIQUID COMPOSITE ELECTRODE
A carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) modified with Cu(OH)2 nanoparticles has been employed for simultaneous determination of captopril (CPT) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) by square wave voltammetry. Electrocatalytic oxidations of CPT and HCT were investigated with this electrode in phosphate buffer solution at pH 8.0. After optimizing the operational conditions, linear ranges concentration of 0.7-10 µM and 10-70 µM for CPT and 3-100 µM and 100-600 µM for HCT were obtained. Detection limits of 12.5 nM and 59.7 nM were obtained for CPT and HCT, respectively. The method was successfully applied for analysis of CPT and HCT in pharmaceutical preparations. The electrode showed good reproducibility, repeatability and storage stability. Also the electrode was employed for anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Melamine (MEL) by differential pulse voltammetry. Electrocatalytic oxidation of MEL was investigated by using this electrode in borate buffer solution at pH 10.0. After optimizing the operational conditions, linear ranges of 6-30 µM and 30-200 µM with a detection limit of 0.63 µM were obtained for MEL. The method was successfully applied for analysis of MEL in cow milk. This electrode showed good reproducibility, repeatability and storage stability.
Key words: Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide, Melamine, Carbon Ionic Liquid, Copper Hydroxide Nanoparticle
4.1.4 Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Captopril and
4.1.10 Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Electrode
4.2 Determination of Melamine on a Copper Hydroxide
4.2.1 Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Melamine on Different
Table 4.1 Results of interference study for determination
Table 4.2 Results of interference study for determination
Table 4.5 Results of interference study for determination
Figure 4.5 Linear relationship between the redox peak current and
Figure 4.6 Cyclic voltammograms of a solution containing 1.0 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] and 0.1 M KCl at the Cu(OH)2NPs/CILE
Figure 4.7 Linear relationship between the redox peak current and
Figure 4.8 Cyclic voltammograms of 100 µM CPT in 0.2 M PBS
Figure 4.9 Cyclic voltammograms of 100.0 µM HCT in 0.2 M PBS
Figure 4.10 Cyclic voltammograms of 100 µM CPT and 100 µM HCT
Figure 4.11 Effect of SW step potential on oxidation peak current
Figure 4.12 Effect of SW amplitude on oxidation peak current
Figure 4.13 Effect of SW frequency on oxidation peak current
Figure 4.14 Effect of weight percentage of Cu(OH)2NPs on oxidation
Figure 4.15 Effect of pH on oxidation peak current of 50.0 µM (A)
Figure 4.16 Effect of supporting electrolytes on oxidation peak
Figure 4.17 Effect of concentration of supporting electrolytes on
Figure 4.18 Effect of adsorption time on oxidation peak current
Figure 4.19 Cyclic voltammograms of 50.0 µM CPT solution in
Figure 4.20 Plot of peak current versus scan rate in the range of 5
Figure 4.21 Cyclic voltammograms of 50.0 µM HCT solution
Figure 4.22 Plot of peak current versus scan rate in the range of 5
Figure 4.23 Square wave voltammograms of CPT at Cu(OH)2NPs/CILE
Figure 4.24 Calibration curve for the determination of CPT at Cu(OH)2NPs/CILE in 0.2 M PBS at pH 8.0. The error
Figure 4.25 Square wave voltammograms of HCT at Cu(OH)2NPs/CILE
Figure 4.27 Square wave voltammograms of various concentrations
Figure 4.29 Cyclic voltammogramms of 100.0 µM CPT in 0.2 M PBS
Figure 4.30 Cyclic voltammogramms of 100.0 µM HCT in 0.2 M PBS
Figure 4.31 Cyclic voltammograms of 50.0 µM MEL in 0.25 M
Figure 4.32 Effect of weight percentage of Cu(OH)2NPs on
Figure 4.33 Effect of accumulation potential on oxidation peak
Figure 4.34 Effect of accumulation time on oxidation peak current
Figure 4.35 Effect of pH on oxidation peak current of 50.0 µM
Figure 4.36 Effect of supporting electrolytes (buffer) on oxidation
Figure 4.37 Effect of concentration of supporting electrolyte on
Figure 4.38 Linear sweep voltammograms of 50.0 µM MEL solution
Figure 4.39 Plot of peak current versus scan rate of 50.0 µM MEL
Figure 4.40 Differential pulse voltammograms of MEL at Cu(OH)2NPs/CILE in 0.25 M borate buffer solution at
Figure 4.41 Calibration curve for the determination of MEL at Cu(OH)2NPs/CILE in 0.25 M borate buffer solution at
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