Translation of nonverbal communication signs in the drama, A Streetcar Named Desire

List of tables and figures.……………………………………………vii

List of abbreviations………………………………………………….viii

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1. Overview…………………………………………………….1

1.2. Statement of the problem…………………………………….9

1.3. The objective of the study……………………………………12

1.4. Research questions…………………………………………..12

1.5. The significance of the study…………………………………13

1.6. Users of the study……………………………………………14

1.7. Theoretical framework………………………………………15

Chapter 2: Literature review

2.1. Introduction……………………………………………..…..19

2.2. Literature review…………………………………………….19

2.2.1. Cultural intersemiotic translation…………………..19

2.2.1.1. Semiotics……………………………….….22

2.2.2. Definition, categorization, and application of NVCS……………………………………………………………25

2.2.2.1. V and NV interaction and function………..29

2.2.2.2. NVC, an integral part of a dramatic text ….32

2.2.3. Studies done abroad…………………………………35

2.2.3.1. Dramatic text as an incomplete entity……..35

2.2.3.2. Performability/speakability………………..38

2.2.3.3. Translation strategies ……………………..42

2.2.4. Studies done in Iran ………………………………..46

Chapter 3: Methodology

3.1. Introduction………………………………………………….49

3.2. Corpus………………………………………………………..49

3.3. Justification of the corpus……………………………………54

3.4. Analyzing texts and comparing them ………………………56

                    3.4.1. Analyzing ST data………………………………….56

3.4.2. Classification of the NVCSs………………………..57

3.4.3. Analyzing TT data and comparing them with ST data……………………………………………………………….61

Chapter 4: Results and discussion

4.1. Introduction………………………………………………….64

4.2. Linguistic signs………………………………………………64

4.3. Paralinguistic signs……………………………………..……69

4.3.1. Paralinguistic signs: inseparable from speech……..70

4.3.2. Paralinguistic signs: non-linguistic or extra-speech..77

4.4. Costume……………………………………………………..84

4.5. Lighting………………………………………………………88

4.6. Music ……………………………………………………….90

Chapter five: Conclusion

5.1. Introduction…………………………………………………102

5.2. Conclusion…………………………………………..……..102

5.3. Answering research questions……………………………..107

5.4. Implications………………………………………….…….109

5.5. Limitations……………………………………………..…..109

5.6. Areas for further research………………………………….110

References…………………………………………………………….112

List of tables and figures

Figure 1……………………………………………..…..21

Figure 2………………………………………..……..…33

Table 1 ………………………………………………….62

List of abbreviations

DTS                               descriptive translation study

NP                                 nothing proposed

NV                                 non-verbal

NVC                              non-verbal communication

NVCSs                          non-verbal communication signs

SL                                  source language

ST                                  source text

TL                                  target language

TS                                  translation strategy

TT                                  target text

V                                    verbal

VC                                     verbal communication