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A Study on the Effectiveness of Mnemonic Strategies on Iranian Elementary EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning

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Department of English Language

 M.A. in Teaching English as a Foreign Language

A Study on the Effectiveness of Mnemonic Strategies on Iranian Elementary EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning

Abstract

The present investigation was an attempt to study the effect of mnemonic strategies on Iranian elementary EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. To that end, QPT was administered to 100 EFL students learning English language at institutes. Learners who scored between 16 and 23 were selected for the study, because this study focused on elementary learners. So 40 learners were selected for this study and they were divided into the experimental and control groups, each group containing 20 learners. Then a vocabulary test was administered to both groups as a pre-test to measure their initial knowledge of vocabulary. The wordlist of the PET test was selected to test the vocabulary of the participants. The experimental group received treatment for six weeks. The control group did not receive treatment. Finally both groups sat for the post-test of vocabulary. Furthermore, an independent samples t-test was conducted to see if males and females had different performances. The results were computed and analyzed through SPSS and it was explored that mnemonic strategies had a positive effect on Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. The results also indicated that there was no significant difference between males and females in this research.

 

 

 

Table of Contents

Page

Title

i

ii

iii

vii

viii

Dedication ……………………………………………….………………

Acknowledgements…………………………………….…………………

Table of Contents………………………………………………………..

List of Tables…………………………………………..………………..

Abstract………………………………………………………………….

 

Chapter 1: Introduction

1

1.0. Introduction…………………………………………………………

2

1.1. Statement of the Problem…………………………………………..

4

1.2. Significance of the Study……………..…………………………….

6

1.3. Purpose of the Study…………….………………………………….

6

1.4. Research Questions of the Study……………………………………

6

1.5. Hypotheses of the Study……………………………………………

7

1.6. Definitions of Key Terms…………………………………………..

7

    1.6.1. Mnemonic ……………………………………………………………………….

7

    1.6.2. Rehearsal …………………………………………………………………………..

7

    1.6.3. Vocabulary knowledge……………………………………………………..

8

1.7. Summary……………………………………………………………

Chapter 2: Literature Review

9

2.0. Introduction…………………………………………………………

10

2.1. Theoretical  Framework…………………………………………….

12

2.2. Definitions of Language Learning Strategies (LLS)……………….

15

2.3. Classifying the Taxonomy…………………………………………

15

2.4. Cognitive Strategies…………………………………………………

16

2.5. Socioaffective Strategies……………………………………………

18

2.6. Taxonomy of Vocabulary Learning Strategies (VLS)………………

19

2.7. Categories of Vocabulary Learning Strategies (VLS)……………..

19

2.8. Determination Strategies……………………………………………

21

2.9. Social Strategies……………………………………………………

23

2.10. Memory Strategies………………………………………………..

27

2.11. Cognitive Strategies………………………………………………

28

2.12. Metacognitive Strategies………………………………………….

29

2.13. Significance of Vocabulary in Language Learning……………….

30

2.14. Studies of Language Learning Strategies (LLS)………………….

37

2.15. Sensory Memory……………………………………………………

37

2.16. Short-Term Memory (STM)…………………………………………

38

2.17.Chunking……………………………………………………………

39

2.18. Rehearsal……………………………………………………………

40

2.19. Long-Term Memory (LTM)……………………….………………

41

2.20. Mnemonics …………………………………………………………

44

2.21. Review of Related Studies………………………………………….

54

2.22. Summary………………………………………………………….

Chapter 3: Methodology

55

3.0. Introduction…………………………………………………………

55

3.1. The Design of the Study…………………………………………….

55

3.2. Participants…………………………………………………………

56

3.3. Materials …………………………………….……………………..

56

    3.3.1. Preliminary English Test …. ..……………………………….

57

    3.3.2. Content of PET ………………..………………………………

58

    3.3.3. Level of PET ………………………………..…………………

59

    3.3.4. The Aims and Objectives of PET ……………….…….………

59

    3.4. .Procedure……………………………………………….………

63

3.5. Data Analysis Procedure…..………………………………………..

64

3.6. Summary……………………………………………………………

Chapter 4: Results

65

4.0. Introduction ……………………………………………………….

65

4.1. Findings…………………………………………………………….

67

4.2 Inferential Statistics…………………………………………………

70

4.3. Hypotheses Analysis……………………………………………….

70

    4.3.1. Hypothesis One………………………………………………..

71

    4.3.2. Hypothesis Two……………………………………………….

71

4.4. Summary……………………………………………………………

Chapter 5: Discussion

72

5.0. Introduction……………………………………………….………..

72

5.1. General Discussion…………………………………………………

73

74

5.2. Implications of the Study………………………..………………….

5.3. Limitations of the Study……………………………….……………

75

5.4. Recommendations for Further Research……………………………

76

5.5. Conclusion………………………………………………..…………

77

References ………………………………………………………………..

 

 

 

 

 

 

List of Tables

Page

Title

 

65

Table.4.1. Descriptive statistics for the proficiency test ……………

66

Table. 4.2. Number of Students Participated in Pre-test and Post-test Cases ……………………………………………………………………

66

Table. 4.3. Descriptive statistical analysis done on the collected data of pre-test and post-test …………………………………………………….

67

Table . 4.4. Levene’s Test of Equality of Error Variance ………………

68

Table.4.5. Tests of Between-Subjects Effects …………………………

68

Table 4.6. Mean and Corrected Mean of vocabulary test ………………

69

Table 4.7. Sum of analysis of covariance ………………………………

70

Table 4.8. independent t-test for male and female performance in vocabulary learning ……………………………………………………

 

 

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