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A Functional Approach to the Study of Eloquent Silence in Persian Narratives “Focused on Zoya Pirzad’s wor

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Department of Foreign Languages

A Functional Approach to the Study of Eloquent Silence in Persian Narratives

“Focused on Zoya Pirzad’s works”

Abstract

The present study deals with the study of eloquent silence in Persian narratives, based on the well-known Jacobsen’s model (1960). It aims to answer these questions: (1) Are the functions modified by Jacobson observed in the corpus? (2) Is silence a multi-functional or mono-functional sign? (3) Is silence a pragmatic concept? (4) How descriptive analysis of eloquent silence can be justified? In so doing, cases of eloquent silence were collected from a number of Zoya Pirzad’s works, in which the assigned functions were analyzed. The results showed that all functions in the Jacobson’s model were found in the corpus. In addition, numerous multi-functional cases of eloquent silence were observed. Contextual and cultural dependency of recognition and interpretation of detected silences supported the fact that silence is a pragmatic concept. Besides, the analysis of the data showed that among the functions of referential, conative, and poetic, “emotive silence” is the most frequent function in the corpus. What’s more, the frequency of the conative function of silence occurred in conversation was higher than that of narration. Finally, the frequencies of functions in the novels and short stories under the study, showed no remarkable difference between these two categories.

Key words: Eloquent silence, Communicative functions, Short Story, Novel, Narration, and Conversation

دسته: زبان شناسی, علوم انسانی برچسب: and Conversation, Communicative functions, Key words: Eloquent silence, Narration, Novel, Short Story

توضیحات

Table of Contents

Dedication. ii

Acknowledgments. iii

Abstract iv

List of Tables. ix

List of Graphs. x

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.. 1

1.0 Introduction. 2

1.1 Overview.. 2

1.1.1 Types and Definitions of “Silence”. 4

1.1.2 Functions of “Silence”. 8

1.2 Statement of the Problem.. 11

1.3 Objectives of the Study. 12

1.4 Significance of the Study. 13

1.5 Research Questions. 14

1.6 Theoretical Framework. 14

1.7 Definition of Key Terms. 16

1.7.1 Eloquent Silence. 16

1.7.2 Jacobson’s Model of Communication. 16

1.7.3 Contemporary Persian. 17

1.7.4 Novel 17

1.7.5 Short Story. 17

1.7.6 Conversation. 17

1.7.7 Narration. 17

CHAPTER TWO:REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 31

2.0 Introduction. 19

2.1 The History of Studies on the Concept of Silence. 19

2.2 Studies on Silence. 20

2.2.1 Studies Done in the West 20

2.2.2 Studies Done in the East 26

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY.. 28

3.0 Introduction. 29

3.1 Theoretical Framework. 29

3.2 Data Source. 30

3.3 Data Collection Procedures. 32

3.4 Data Analysis Techniques. 33

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DATA ANALYSIS. 34

4.0 Introduction. 35

4.1 The Proposed Binary Classification of Eloquent Silence. 35

4.1.1 Eloquent Silence without a Signifier (Form) 36

4.1.2 Eloquent Silence Accompanied by a Signifier (Form) 37

4.2 Functions of Eloquent Silence. 39

4.2.1 Eloquent Silence of the Referential Type. 40

4.2.2 Eloquent Silence of the Emotive Type. 43

4.2.3 Eloquent silence of the Conative Type. 46

4.2.4 Eloquent Silence of the Phatic Type. 52

4.2.5 Eloquent Silence of the Poetic Type. 56

4.2.6 Eloquent Silence of the Metalinguistic Type. 61

4.3 Multi-Functional Eloquent Silence. 66

4.3.1 Co-Occurring Functions of Eloquent Silence. 70

4.4 Eloquent Silence as a Pragmatic Concept 71

4.4.1 Culturally Dependent Interpretation of Eloquent Silence. 71

4.4.2 Contextually Dependent Interpretation of Eloquent Silence. 74

4.5 Descriptive Statistics Regarding the Frequency of Different Functions of Eloquent Silence in the Text 79

4.5.1 Descriptive Statistics of the Occurrence of the Referential, Emotive, and Conative Functions in the Corpus under the Study. 80

4.5.2 Descriptive Statistics Regarding the Occurrences of Eloquent Silence Functions in Narration vs. Conversation. 82

4.5.3 Descriptive Statistics Regarding Three Functions of Eloquent Silence in the Novel vs. the Short Stories 84

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION.. 87

5.0 Introduction. 88

5.1 Overview of the Study. 88

5.2 Conclusion and Discussion. 89

5.2.1 Which types of functions are assigned to eloquent silences or are understood by silences in contemporary Persian novels and short stories?. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.2 Is eloquent silence a multi-functional sign or mono- functional sign? In case it is multi-functional, is there any generalization or tendency for their co-occurrence?. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.3 Is silence a pragmatic concept?. 91

5.2.4 Among the functions assigned to silence which one is the most frequent and how can it be explained? Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.5 What is the difference between silence meanings and functions in narration and conversation? 92

5.2.6 What is the difference between silence meanings and functions in novel and short story? 92

5.3 Implications. 94

5.4 Limitations. 94

5.5 Suggestions for Further Research. 95

English References. 96

Persian References: 100

Web References: 104

List of Tables

Table 1: Occurrence Distribution of Three Eloquent Silence Functions in the Corpus. 80

Table 2: Occurrence Distribution of Three Eloquent Silence Functions. 82

Table 3: Occurrence Distribution of Three Eloquent Silences’ Functions in the Corpus – Comparing Short Story vs. Novel 84

List of Graphs

Graph 1: Functions of Eloquent Silence and Their Manifestations. 65

Graph 2: Presentation of Three Functions of Eloquent Silence. 81

Graph 3: Occurrence Distribution of Three Eloquent Silence Functions in the Corpus – Comparing Narration vs. Conversation. 83

Graph 4: Occurrence Distribution of Three Eloquent Silence Functions in the Corpus – Comparing Short Story vs. Novel 85

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قیمت اصلی 35,000 تومان بود.قیمت فعلی 21,000 تومان است.

تاریخ ایجاد دی 4, 1399
تاریخ بروزرسانی اسفند 13, 1401
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