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بنا داری سه ساحت است: ساحت اول نوعی سرپناه است در جهت حفظ و امنیت انسان در برابر گزندها . ساحت دوم ساختمان است که در آن علاوه بر کارکردهای مورد نیاز، عناصری از زیبابی شناسی و امنیت روانی ظهور می یابد . ساحت سوم معماری است یعنی بنایی که در آن معنا مقدم بر فرم است و به یک عبارت در معماری، معانی و مفاهیم صورت تجسمی می یابند. بنابراین معماری زبان و بیان معانی و مفاهیم است و به همین دلیل در بردارنده هویت و فرهنگ یک ملت و تمدن. »(بلخاری قهی،1390: 13)
معماری و فرهنگ نسبت به یکدیگر متأثر هستند و تا زمانی که معماری بر اساس فرهنگ یک منطقه مطابقت داشته باشد ، قابل قبول است و کارکردهای مفیدی خواهد داشت ؛ از زمانی که معماری در جهت مقابل فرهنگ قرار بگیرد دچار کژکارکرد می شود و قابلیت های خود را تا حدی از دست می دهد.
آنچه که امروزه به وفور دیده می شود، برج ها و آپارتمان هایی اند که با سرعت بالایی در حال افزایش هستند و در طراحی این آپارتمان ها ، معماری مدرن جایگزین معماری سنتی شده است . نمایی بیرونی به شدت اهمیت پیدا کرده است و زیبایی سازی از درون به بیرون منتقل شده است. در حالی که در گذشته، به درون ساختمان توجه بیشتری می شد و تزیینات و زیبایی سازی در درون ساختمان به کار می رفت و نمای بیرونی ساختمان بسیار ساده بود . به عبارت دیگر، در دوران قاجار درونگرایی مورد توجه بود و به تدریج ، برون ساختمان نیز اهمیت پیدا کرد و کم کم از دوران پهلوی به بعد ، برونگرایی به شدت اهمیت یافت و هم اکنون نیز در ساخت و سازها ، جایگاهی بس عظیم دارد.
مبحث خلوت و حریم ، در معماری درونگرای ایرانی بسایر حائز اهمیت است. در این نوشتار نیز تلاش می شود تا از دریچه معماری درونگرای ایرانی ، به مقوله خلوت و حریم در خانه های ایرانی پرداخته شود.
« معماری در ایران بیش از 600 سال تاریخ پیوسته دارد. این معماری نه تنها فراتر از مرز جغرافیایی ایران امروزی نمودی بارز دارد بلکه از نظر تنوع ، پهنه وسیعی را در بر می گیرد. عناصر طراحی نیز در معماری ایرانی از قدمتی سه هزار ساله برخوردار است . این عناصر از تالار گوردخمه ها گرفته تا سقف چهارطاقی ها و چهار ایوانی ها همواره در دوران های مختلف حضور داشته و تأثیر گذاری خود را در زندگی امروز نیز حفظ کرده اند. در واقع معماری ایرانی دارای استمراری بوده که هر چندبارها بر اثر کشمکش های داخلی و هجوم های خارجی دستخوش فترت یا انحراف موقتی بوده ، با این همه به سبکی دست یافت که با هیچ سبک دیگری اشتباه نمی شود . در ایران معماری آثار تاریخی در عین اینکه دارای مفهوم و هدف دینی و آینی است ، مانند سایر نقاط جهان وابسته به عواملی چون اقلیم ، مصالح موجود ، فرهنگ منطقه ، فرهنگ همسایه ، دین و آیین و باور و بانی بناست.»(نورآقایی،1386)
در معماری ایرانی دالان، فضای ارتباطی بیرون و درون به شمار میرود. فضای دالان در معماری خانههای ایرانی چنان اهمیتی مییابد که به جرأت میتوان آنرا جوهر اصلی فضاهای خانهها، دانست.
در این فضاست که گسستن از بیرون و پیوستن به درون به تدریج حاصل میشود. زندگی جهانی بیرون، صداها، رنگها، و حرکت در فاصله زمانی که در این فضای میانجی طی میشود، کم کم محو میگردد. این فضایی است که واسطه میان بشریت (میدان برون) و روحانیت (شبستان درون)، عالمی است میان جسم و روح و سیری است برای رساندن انسان به نیستی و به هیچ، و جایی که از بند حواس رهایی یابد و ظواهر و زوائد را بشناسد و از خود دور کند، خود را درک کند و به دریای حقیقت بپیوندد و راه رسیدن به فطرت را طی کند.(فیروز بهر، 1388)
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