اثر امواج مایکروویو بر جوانه زني، شاخص هاي رشد و فعاليت برخي آنتی اکسیدان ها  در بذر شیرین بیان(Glycyrrhiza glabra L. )

 

فهرست مطالب                                                                                                               عنوان صفحه

چکیده                                                                                                                                             1

فصل اول                                                                                                                                         2

1-1- مقدمه                                                                                                                                     3

1-2- اهداف                                                                           4

1-3- بیان مسئله                                                               5

1-4- کلیات                                                                                           5

1-4-1-امواج الکترومغناطیس                                                                                                          6

1-4-2- طیف نور مرئی                                                                                                                    7

1-4-3- مایکروویو                                                                                                                           8

1-4-4-رفتار امواج                                                                                                                         8

1-4-5-تاثیر امواج                                                                                                                            9

1-4-5-1-آثار بیولوژیک امواج                                                                                                      9

1-4-5-1-1- اثر بر انسان                                                                                                              10

1-4-5-2-آثارفیزیولوژیک امواج                                                                                                 11

1-4-5-2-1- اثر بر گیاهان                                                                                                           11

1-5- امواج والقاء تنش                                                                                                                   12

1-5-1- مکانیسم های دفاعی گیاه                                                                                                    13

1-5-1-1- دفاع غیرآنزیمی                                                                                                              13

1-5-1-1-1- کاروتنوئید ها                                                                                                          13

1-5-1-1-2-آنتوسیانین ها                                                                                                              13

1-5-1-2- دفاع آنزیمی                                                                                                                14

1-5-1-2-1- تنظیم اسمزی                                                                                                          14

1-5-1-2-2- پرولین                                                                                                                       14

1-6-کاربردهای امواج مایکروویو                                                                                                    15

1-7-گیاهان دارویی                                                                                                                      16

1-7-1- تاریخچه                                                                                                                           16

1-7-2- شیرین بیان                                                                                                                         17

1-7-3-خصوصیات گیاهشناسی                                                                                                          17

1-7-4- اندام های مورد استفاده                                                                                                    18

 

 

1-7-5- مواد وترکیبات                                                                                                                     19

1-7-6-کاربرد های دارویی                                                                                                            20

1-7-7- روش های تکثیر                                                                                                                  20

1-7-8- خواب بذر                                                                                                                         20

1-7-8-1- خواب اولیه                                                                                                                    21

1-7-8-2- خواب ثانویه                                                                                                                   22

1-7-8-3-برطرف کردن خواب                                                                                                       22

1-8- اصطلاحات                                                                                                                             22

فصل دوم                                                                                                                                         25

2- نتایج یافته های دیگران                                                                                                              26

2-1- اثر تیمارهای مختلف در شکستن خواب بذر                                                                           26

2-2- اثر امواج الکترومغناطیس بر پارامترهای رشد                                                                        26

2-3- اثر امواج الکترومغناطیس بر پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی                                                              28

فصل سوم                                                                                                                                          30

3- مواد وروش ها                                                                                                                         31

3-1- زمان ومحل آزمایش                                                                                                            31

3-2- مواد گیاهی                                                                                                                         31

3-3-تیمار اسید سولفوریک                                                                                                           31

3-4- نحوه اعمال تیمارها                                                                                                              31

3-4-1- گروه بندی تیمارها                                                                                                          31

3-4-2- تیمار امواج مایکروویو                                                                                                        31

3-5- مطالعه صفات مورفولوژیک                                                                                                   32

3-5-1- محاسبه درصد جوانه زنی                                                                                                 32

3-5-2- محاسبه سرعت جوانه زنی                                                                                                32

3-5-3- محاسبه شاخص بنیه بذر                                                                                                      33

3-5-4-محاسبه شاخص استرس                                                                                                        33

3-5-5-  اندازه گیری طول ریشه چه وساقه چه                                                                                34

3-5-6- محاسبه وزن تر وخشک                                                                                                        34

3-6- مطالعات بیوشیمیایی                                                                                                                  34

 

 

 

3-6-1- اندازه گیری مقدار رنگیزه های گیاهی                                                                            34

3-6-1-1- سنجش کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید                                                                                       34

3-6-1-2- سنجش آنتوسیانین                                                                                                       35

3-6-1-3- سنجش پرولین                                                                                                            35

3-6-1-3-1- روش تهیه معرف                                                                                                      35

3-6-1-3-2-روش اندازه گیری پرولین                                                                                        35

3-6-1-3-3-  منحنی استاندارد                                                                                                     36

3-7- عملیات آماری                                                                                                                         36

فصل چهارم                                                                                                                                     37

4- نتایج                                                                                                                                          38

4-1-اثر تیمارهای مایکروویو بر پارامترهای جوانه زنی                                                                       38

4-1-1- درصد جوانه زنی                                                                                                              38

4-1-2- سرعت جوانه زنی                                                                                                            39

4-1-3- شاخص بنیه بذر                                                                                                                39

4-1-4- شاخص استرس جوانه زنی                                                                                                 40

4-2- اثر تیمارهای مایکروویو بر پارامترهای مورفولوژیک                                                             41

4-2-1-طول ریشه چه                                                                                                                  41

4-2-2- طول ساقه چه                                                                                                                  42

4-2-3- وزن تر ریشه چه                                                                                                               43

4-2-4- وزن خشک ریشه چه                                                                                                        43

4-2-5-وزن تر ساقه چه                                                                                                                44

4-2-6- وزن خشک ساقه چه                                                                                                         45

4-3- اثر تیمارهای مایکروویو بر پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی                                                                  45

4-3-1- محتوای کلروفیل a                                                                                                         45

4-3-2- محتوای کلروفیل b                                                                                                         46

4-3-3-محتوای کاروتنوئید                                                                                                          47

4-3-4- محتوای کل رنگدانه ها                                                                                                    47

4-3-5-محتوای آنتوسیانین ریشه چه                                                                                              48

4-3-6- محتوای آنتوسیانین ساقه چه                                                                                              49

4-3-7- محتوای پرولین ریشه چه                                                                                                  50

4-3-8- محتوای پرولین ساقه چه                                                                                                  51

 

فصل پنچم                                                                                                                                      53

5- بحث ونتیجه گیری                                                                                                                  54

5-1- اثر تیمارهای مایکروویو بر پارامترهای جوانه زنی                                                                     54

5-2- اثر تیمارهای مایکروویو بر پارامترهای مورفولوژیک                                                               56

5-3- اثر تيمارهاي میکروویو بر رنگيزه‌هاي گياهي                                                                                    59

5-3-1- محتوای کلروفیل وکاروتنوئید                                                                                         59

5-3-2- محتوای آنتوسیانین                                                                                                           61

5-4- پرولین                                                                                                                                 62

5-5- نتیجه گیری کلی                                                                                                                      63

5-6- پیشنهادات                                                                                                                               65

5-7-منابع علمی                                                                                                                             67

5-8- چکیده انگلیسی