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دانلود پروژه: مرکز همایش های اسلامی تیرازیس با نگرش به معماری ایرانی از صفاریان تا معاصر

تعداد 226صفحه فایل word قابل ویرایش

ارشد معماری اسلامی

 

 

                               مرکز همایش های اسلامی تیرازیس               

با نگرش به معماری ایرانی

از صفاریان تا معاصر

 

چکیده

آنچه به عنوان معماری اسلامی تاکنون بیان شده است، از دیدگاه بزرگان متفاوت بوده، برخی معماری کشورهایی که دارای حکومت اسلامی هستند، یا معماری متعلق به معماران مسلمان را معماری اسلامی می دانند. گروهی دیگر معماری ریشه گرفته از هنر مقدس یا برخاسته از هنر اعراب را معماری اسلامی معرفی کرده اند. نگرش ها نسبت به معماری اسلامی با رویکردهای متفاوت بیان می شود. اما حقیقت معماری اسلامی را در کدامیک می بایست جست و جو کرد؟ آیا آنچه تاکنون به عنوان معماری اسلامی بنا شده، حقیقتاً براساس اصول اعتقادی اسلام بوده است، یا خواسته سازندگان بنا آن را به عنوان معماری اسلامی معرفی می نماید؟

اسلام با ورود خود به سایر سرزمین ها پیام صلح و دوستی و … را با خود به همراه داشته است. در مبانی اسلامی، چیزی با عنوان اصول ساخت و ساز، مصالح ساختمانی، فرم مشخص و شکلی که بیانگر اسلامی بودن بنایی کند، وجود ندارد. بلکه بر صرفه جویی، جلوگیری از اسراف، افراط و تفریط، احتیاط بر خرج بیت المال و … تأکید شده است.

در این پژوهش با استناد به آیات و احادیث، به چگونگی احداث بنا اشاره می شود. با بیان معماری بعد از اسلام در کشور و کاربری بناها، مصالح کاربردی، مشخصه های معماری هر دوران چنین نتیجه گرفته می شود که معماری در دوران های مختلف متناسب با سلیقه سازندگان و حس زیبایی دوستی آنان ساخته شده اند، لیکن بنا به فرموده استاد پیرنیا، حداکثر گرایش به سمت بهینه بودن ساخت و ساز خود ناشی از نگرش اسلامی به معماری است. توجه به بومی بودن مصالح، جهت جلوگیری از اتلاف انرژی و سرمایه، استفاده از تزئیناتی که خود نقش نیارشی در بنا را دارند و … ، حاصل زحمت معماران دوران های مختلف است. با ورود مدرنیته با هدف از بین بردن مرزها، تمایلات به سمت این سبک رفته است. زیر پا گذاشتن عقاید و اصول اسلامی موجب ایجاد باب جدیدی در فرهنگ جامعه شده است که با فرهنگ سنتی ما همخوانی نداشته و معضلاتی را به وجود آورده است. این معضلات نه به دلیل تنوع مصالح و فرم های مختلف است بلکه چیدمان فضاها تحت تأثیر مدرنیته، با تفکرات اسلامی ما بیگانه است. شیراز، با پیشینه تاریخی خود و مهد فرهنگی، مذهبی بودن آن، پایتخت حکومت های صفاریان، آل بویه و زندیه که حکومت های اسلامی بوده اند که به بناهای مذهبی و مقابر امامزادگان بسیار اهمیت داده و مساجد بسیاری در این شهر ساخته اند در حالیکه بناهای حکومتی بسیار ساده و عاری از تجملات در آن به چشم می خورد، محل مناسبی برای ساخت مرکز همایش های اسلامی تیرازیس با هدف پژوهش به حساب می آید. ازطرفی سومین شهر اهل بیت (ع) نیز می باشد.

کلید واژه: مرکز همایش، معماری اسلامی، معماری ایرانی، تیرازیس.

فهرست مطالب

 

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

فصل اول: کلیات تحقیق

1-1- مقدمه…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2

1-2- تشریح و بیان مسئله…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2

1-3- اهمیت و ضرورت تحقیق…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3

1-4- اهداف تحقیق…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4

1-4-1- هدف کلی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4

1-4-2- اهداف فرعی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4

1-5- پرسش های تحقیق…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5

1-6- فرضیه های تحقیق……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5

1-7- پیشینه پژوهش…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5

فصل دوم: ادبیات و مبانی نظری تحقیق

بخش اول: تعاریف

2-1-1- اجتماع………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8

2-1-2- اجتماع از دیدگاه نظریه پردازان در طول تاریخ……………………………………………………………………………….. 8

2-1-3- تاریخچـه احداث فضاهای اجتماعی…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

2-1-4- انواع گردهمایی و تعاریف آن…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10

2-1-4-1- کنفـرانس (Conference)……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11

2-1-4-2- کنوانسیـون (Convention)…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11

2-1-4-3- سمینار (Seminar)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13

2-1-4-4- سمپوزیوم (Symposium)…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13

2-1-4-5- میـزگرد (Round  Table)…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13

2-1-4-6- فوروم (Forum)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14

2-1-4-7- مجمع (Assembly)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14

2-1-4-8- کارگاه آمـوزشی (Workshop)…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15

2-1-4-9- سخنـرانی (Lecture)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15

2-1-4-10- کمیسیـون (Commission)…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15

2-1-4-11- کمیتـه (Committee)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16

2-1-4-12- جشنواره (Festival)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16

2-1-4-13- مناظـره…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17

2-1-4-14- انستیتـو (Institute)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17

2-1-4-15- جلسـه………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

2-1-5- انواع مراکز اجتماعات……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18

2-1-5-1- اتاق جلسه……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18

2-1-5-2- تالار اجتماعات……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18

2-1-6- مراکز برگـزاری گردهمایی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19

2-1-7- گروه بنـدی گردهمایی ها…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19

2-1-7-1- گروه اجلاس های بستـه…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19

2-1-7-2- گروه اجلاس های باز………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20

2-1-7-3- مرکز همایش………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20

بخش دوم معماری اسلامی ایران

2-2-1- هنر قدسى در ادیان جهان…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22

2-2-2- هنر اسلامی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22

2-2-2-1- تاریخ پیدایش هنر اسلامی……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23

2-2-2-2- نگرش های مختلف در بیان هنر اسلامی……………………………………………………………………………………. 23

2-2-2-2-1- هنر مقدس…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23

2-2-2-2-2- هنر جهان اسلام……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24

2-2-2-2-3- هنر با محتوای دینی……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24

2-2-2-2-4- هنر عربی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

2-2-2-2-5- هنر هندسی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 25

2-2-2-2-6- هنری شامل همه موارد فوق……………………………………………………………………………………………. 25

2-2-2-3- نقش هنر اسلامی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26

2-2-2-4- مفهوم هنر در تفکر اسلامی………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 26

2-2-2-5- منشأ هنر اسلامی و هدف از آن از دیدگاه نظریه پردازان……………………………………………………………. 27

2-2-3- معماری اسلامی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28

2-2-3-1- گستره مکانی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29

2-2-3-2- گستره زمانی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29

2-2-3-3- معماری اسلامی کشورهای عربی از قرن پنجم تا هفتم هجری……………………………………………………. 29

2-2-3-4- مکاتب معماری اسلامی جهان………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30

2-2-4- معماری ایرانی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31

2-2-4-1- سبک‌شناسی معماری ایران………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31

2-2-4-1-1- پیش از اسلام……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 31

2-2-4-1-2- پس از اسلام………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32

2-2-4-2- ویژگی‌های معماری ایرانی……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

2-2-4-3- معماری ایران در گذر زمان……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33

2-2-4-3-1- معماري ايراني- اسلامي در سده هاي اول……………………………………………………………………….. 33

2-2-4-3-2- معماري اسلامي دوره آل بويه و سلجوقی………………………………………………………………………. 36

2-2-4-3-3- معماري اسلامي ايران در دوره ايلخاني……………………………………………………………………………. 38

2-2-4-3-4- معماري ايران در دوره تيموري………………………………………………………………………………………. 40

2-2-4-3-5- معماري ايران در دوره صفويه………………………………………………………………………………………… 42

2-2-4-3-6- معماري ايران از دوره صفوي تا پهلوی……………………………………………………………………………. 44

2-2-4-3-7- نتيجه گیری…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45

2-2-4-4- پنج اصل معماری ایران……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45

2-2-4-4-1- مردم واری…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 45

2-2-4-4-2- خودبسندگی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 46

2-2-4-4-3- پرهیز از بیهودگی………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 46

2-2-4-4-4- درونگرایی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47

2-2-4-4-5- نیارش…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47

2-2-4-5- کاربری بناهای ایرانی………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

2-2-4-5-1- کاخ‌ها…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 48

2-2-4-5-2- کاروانسراها…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 49

2-2-4-5-3- حمام‌ها………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50

2-2-4-5-4- قلعه‌ها……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 50

2-2-4-5-5- آب انبارها…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 51

2-2-4-5-6- بازارها…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52

2-2-4-6- عناصر تشکیل‌دهنده معماری اسلامی ایران………………………………………………………………………………… 53

2-2-4-6-1- بادگیر…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 53

2-2-4-6-2- پله………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 54

2-2-4-6-3- سردابه…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 55

2-2-4-7- مصالح ساختمانی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 55

2-2-4-7-1- آجر………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 55

2-2-4-7-2- گچ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 56

2-2-4-7-3- کاشی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 56

2-2-4-7-4- خشت…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 57

2-2-4-7-5- سنگ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 57

2-2-4-7-6- چوب……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 57

2-2-4-7-7- شیشه…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 58

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

2-2-4-8- عوامل بنيادي معماري در ايران…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 58

2-2-4-8-1- اصل سير از كثرت به وحدت…………………………………………………………………………………………. 59

2-2-4-8-2- اصل سير از ظاهر به باطن……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 60

2-2-4-8-3- اصل فرآوري و انتزاع از طبيعت……………………………………………………………………………………. 60

2-2-4-8-4- اصل ساماندهي اهداف كاركردي، سازه اي و كالبدي…………………………………………………….. 60

2-2-4-8-5- شفافيت (گسترة پهنة ديد)………………………………………………………………………………………………. 61

2-2-4-8-6- هندسه…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 62

2-2-4-8-7- انعكاس…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65

2-2-4-8-8- اصل درونگرايي در عين برونگرايي………………………………………………………………………………… 65

2-2-4-8-9- درونگرايي……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 66

2-2-4-8-10- تقارن…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 67

2-2-4-8-11- مركزيت……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 69

2-2-4-8-12- محور گرايي……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 70

2-2-4-8-13- سياليت (گسترش پهنة ديد)………………………………………………………………………………………….. 70

2-2-4-8-14- تباين يا ناهمگوني………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 71

2-2-4-8-15- تعادل و توازن……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 72

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

2-2-4-8-16- سلسله مراتب، تداوم (سلسله مراتب دسترسی) (اصل رده‌بندی فضايی)…………………………… 73

2-2-4-9- خلق فرم و فضا در معماری ایرانی…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 74

2-2-4-10- معماری اسلامی برگرفته از اسامی خداوند………………………………………………………………………………. 79

2-2-4-10-1-  زیبایی در اسلام (خداوند و زیبایی)……………………………………………………………………………… 79

2-2-4-10-2- العلیم………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 80

2-2-4-10-3- الحسیب………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 82

2-2-4-10-4- ملک همه چیز از آن خداست (الملک)………………………………………………………………………… 82

2-2-4-11- ساخت و ساز در آیات و احادیث………………………………………………………………………………………….. 83

2-2-4-12- نتیجه گیری…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 85

فصل سوم

بخش اول: ضوابط و استانداردهای فیزیکی

3-1-1- استانداردهای فضایی سالن ها…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 89

3-1-2- تنـوع بهره گیـری از فضا و انواع سالن های اجتماع…………………………………………………………………………….. 93

3-1-2-1- سالن های کنفرانس و کنگره……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 94

3-1-2-2- سالن های هنری چندمنظوره……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 94

3-1-2-3- سالن های نمایشگاهی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 95

3-1-3- طراحی ادیتوریوم ها…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 97

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-1-3-1- تغییرات در ابعاد سالن……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 98

3-1-3-2- فضای ادیتوریوم و چیدمان صندلی ها………………………………………………………………………………………. 99

3-1-4- معیـارهای طراحی …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 100

3-1-4-1- معیارهای مربوط به پخش صدا بدون استفاده از تجهیـزات صوتی……………………………………………. 100

3-1-4-2- تقویت و تعدیل صدا به کمک وسایل و تجهیـزات صوتی………………………………………………………. 102

3-1-4-3- روابط بین سالن و صحنه……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 104

3-1-4-3-1- ارتفاع شاخص دیـد به سکو………………………………………………………………………………………… 105

3-1-4-3-2- ارتفاع صحنه یا سکو……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 106

3-1-4-3-3- تراز چشم ناظر……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 107

3-1-4-3-4- فاصله قائم بین تراز متوسط چشمان ناظر و بالاترین نقطه روی سر………………………………….. 107

3-1-4-3-5- حداکثر زاویه قائم دید رو به بالا………………………………………………………………………………….. 107

3-1-4-3-6- حداکثر زاویه قائم دید رو به پایین……………………………………………………………………………….. 108

3-1-4-4- جزئیات طراحی ردیف صندلی ها…………………………………………………………………………………………. 108

3-1-4-4-1-  شیب کف سالن………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 109

3-1-4-4-2- خطوط منظر……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 109

3-1-4-4-3- زاویه دید به پرده نمایش……………………………………………………………………………………………… 110

3-1-4-4-4- فاصله دیـد………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 111

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-1-4-4-5- زاویه قائم دیـد……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 111

3-1-4-5- معیارهای مربوط به مشاهـده تصاویر تلویزیونی………………………………………………………………………. 111

3-1-4-6- سقف ادیتوریوم و تأسیسات و تجهیـزات آن…………………………………………………………………………… 112

3-1-4-7- ملزومات مربوط به مسائل آکوستیک…………………………………………………………………………………….. 113

3-1-4-8- ملزومات مربوط به نورپردازی و روشنایی………………………………………………………………………………. 113

3-1-4-9- ملزومات مربوط به تهویه مطبوع…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 114

3-1-4-10- ملزومات مربوط به کنترل حریق………………………………………………………………………………………….. 115

3-1-4-11- ملزومات مربوط به دید حضار…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 115

3-1-4-12- ملزومات مربوط به سقف صحنه برای نمایش های بزرگ…………………………………………………….. 115

3-1-4-13- صندلی ها و نحوه چیـدن آنها……………………………………………………………………………………………… 116

3-1-4-13-1- صندلی های ثابت و دائمی………………………………………………………………………………………… 116

3-1-4-13-2- گنجایش جایگاه……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 117

3-1-4-13-3- آرایش جایگاه…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 118

3-1-4-13-4- مبانی مربوط به اندازه های بدنی انسان……………………………………………………………………….. 118

3-1-4-14- استانـدارد میزها و ترتیب چیدن آنها به شکل های مختلف……………………………………………………. 124

3-1-4-15- ملزومات صحنه در سالن های چندمنظوره……………………………………………………………………………. 125

3-1-4-15-1- سکو یا صحنـه………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 125

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-1-4-15-2- طراحی موقعیت صحنه یا سکو………………………………………………………………………………….. 126

3-1-4-15-3- انواع صحنه یا سکو……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 127

3-1-4-15-3-1- صحنـه مرکزی……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 127

3-1-4-15-3-2- صحنه انتهایی…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 127

3-1-4-15-4- بخش های مختلف صحنه………………………………………………………………………………………….. 128

3-1-4-15-4-1- پیش صحنه…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 128

3-1-4-15-4-2- بیرون صحنـه………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 129

3-1-4-15-5- صحنه های قابل برچیده شدن……………………………………………………………………………….. 131

3-1-4-15-6- تطبیق پذیـری صحنه……………………………………………………………………………………………. 132

3-1-4-15-7- اداره کردن صحنـه……………………………………………………………………………………………… 133

3-1-4-15-7-1-  سیستم تعلیق…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 134

3-1-4-15-7-2- صحنه ها یا سکوهای بالا و پایین شونده……………………………………………………… 136

3-1-4-15-7-3- جابجایی افقی صحنه…………………………………………………………………………………. 137

3-1-4-15-8- ابعاد صحنـه ها……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 138

3-1-4-15-8-1- ابعاد صحنه برای اجرای تئاتر و نمایش های معمولی……………………………………. 138

3-1-4-15-8-2- ابعاد صحنه برای اجرای کنسرت های گروهی……………………………………………. 139

3-1-4-15-9- ملزومات عمومی صحنه ها……………………………………………………………………………………. 140

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-1-4-15-9-1- پرده ایمنی……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 140

3-1-4-15-9-2- پرده پیش صحنه………………………………………………………………………………………………. 140

3-1-4-15-9-3- پرده های صحنه……………………………………………………………………………………………… 140

3-1-4-15-10- لازمـه های استفاده از دکورهای پیش ساخته……………………………………………………………. 141

3-1-4-16- ملزومات مربوط به نمایش بر روی پرده……………………………………………………………………………….. 142

3-1-4-16-1- نمایش تصویر……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 143

3-1-4-16-1-1- روش نمایش چنـدتصویری…………………………………………………………………………….. 143

3-1-4-16-1-2- اندازه و چگونگی تصاویر……………………………………………………………………………….. 143

3-1-4-16-1-3- شیـوه های نمایش بر روی پرده………………………………………………………………………… 144

3-1-4-16-1-4- اتاق پروژکسیون…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 145

3-1-4-16-2- پرده های نمایش………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 146

3-1-4-16-2-1- انواع پرده های نمایش……………………………………………………………………………………… 146

3-1-4-16-2-2- مشخصات و جنس پرده ها………………………………………………………………………………. 147

3-1-4-16-2-3- پرده های ویژه………………………………………………………………………………………………… 148

3-1-5- ضوابط طراحی و تدقیق برنامه های فیزیکی

3-1-5-1- ورودی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 148

3-1-5-2- سالن انتظار (سرسرا)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 149

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-1-5-3- سالن اجرا……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 149

3-1-5-4- نسبت های قسمت تماشاگران…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 150

3-1-5-5- فضاهای خدماتی پشت سن……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 150

3-1-5-6- حـوزه اداری مرکز………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 152

3-1-5-6-1- اتاق رییس…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 152

3-1-5-6-2- مدیـریت مرکز، بخش روابط عمومی……………………………………………………………………………. 152

3-1-5-6-3- حـوزه معاونت امور اداری و مالی…………………………………………………………………………………. 153

3-1-5-6-4- حـوزه معاونت فنی………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 153

3-1-5-6-5- بخش حسابداری…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 153

3-1-5-6-6- اتاق آرشیو………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 154

3-1-5-7- بخش خدماتی………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 154

3-1-5-7-1- موتورخانه…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 154

3-1-5-7-2- انبار مرکزی………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 155

3-1-5-7-3- پارکینگ…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 155

3-1-5-7-4- سرویس های بهـداشتی………………………………………………………………………………………………… 155

3-1-5-7-5- نمازخانـه……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 155

3-1-5-7-6- فضای سبز…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 156

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-1-5-8- فروشگاه مرکـز……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 156

3-1-5-9- رستـوران…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 156

3-1-5-10- نمایشگاه ها…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 156

3-1-5-10-1- نمایشگاه دائمی مرکز…………………………………………………………………………………………… 157

3-1-5-10-2- نمایشگاه های موقت……………………………………………………………………………………………. 157

3-1-5-11- طراحی تالار………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 158

3-1-5-11-1- چیـدمان تالار………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 158

3-1-5-11-2- بالکن………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 159

3-1-5-11-3- راهروهای تالار……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 160

3-1-5-11-4- صوت و آکوستیک در تالار………………………………………………………………………………… 161

3-1-5-11-5- چند نکتـه در رابطه با فرم سالن…………………………………………………………………………….. 162

3-1-5-11-6- نورپـردازی تالار………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 163

3-1-5-11-7- خروجی ها و ورودی های سالن……………………………………………………………………………. 164

3-1-5-12- نکاتی چند در مورد طراحی سالن انتظار………………………………………………………………………….. 164

3-1-5-13- اتاق مترجمین………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 165

3-1-5-14- اتاق خبرنگاران……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 165

3-1-5-15- اتاق کنترل…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 165

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-1-5-16- فضای مختص تشریفات…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 166

3-1-5-17- فضای مخصوص فیلمبرداری………………………………………………………………………………………….. 166

3-1-5-18- سالن با ظرفیت اندک…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 167

3-1-5-19- برخی از خدمات……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 167

3-1-5-20- سالن های چنـدمنظـوره………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 167

3-1-6- نتیجه گیری……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 167

3-1-6-1- تبیین برنامه ها و اهداف پروژه…………………………………………………………………………………………… 168

بخش دوم: مطالعات تطبیقی

3-2-1- مقدمه……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 171

3-2-2- نمونه های داخلی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 171

3-2-2-1- سالن اجلاس سران………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 171

3-2-2-1-1- مشخصات سالن‌های مجموعه………………………………………………………………………………………. 174

3-2-2-1-2- امکانات سالن اصلی…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 174

3-2-2-1-3- طرح جدید ساخت ســـالن اجلاس ســـران………………………………………………………………….. 175

3-2-2-2- مرکز همایش اصفهان (دومین مرکز همایش های بین المللی جهان)…………………………………………. 175

3-2-2-2-1- فضاهای موجود در مجموعه………………………………………………………………………………………… 176

3-2-2-2-2- فضاهای ویژه………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 177

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-2-2-3- مرکز همایش های بین المللی برج میلاد………………………………………………………………………………….. 180

3-2-2-3-1- سالن اصلی………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 181

3-2-2-3-2- سایر سالن های مرکز همایش……………………………………………………………………………………….. 181

3-2-2-3-3- سایر امکانات مرکز همایش ها……………………………………………………………………………………… 184

3-2-3- نمونه های خارجی

3-2-3-1- مرکز همایش و نمایشگاه اوما………………………………………………………………………………………………… 185

3-2-3-2- مرکز همایش بین المللی دالیان……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 186

3-2-3-3- مرکز همایش یینگ کو…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 188

3-2-4- نتیجه گیری…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 191

بخش سوم: مطالعات زمینه

3-3-1- استان فارس…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 193

3-3-1-1- ویژگی های تاریخی استان فارس………………………………………………………………………………………….. 193

3-3-1-2- طوایف و تیره های ساکن در استان فارس……………………………………………………………………………… 195

3-3-1-3- ویژگی های جغرافیایی استان………………………………………………………………………………………………… 195

3-3-1-4- آب و هوای استان…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 195

3-3-1-5- بادهای غالب استان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 196

3-3-1-5-1- بادهای شمالی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 196

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-3-1-5-2- بادهای باختری…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 196

3-3-1-5-3- توده های هوای جنوبی………………………………………………………………………………………………… 197

3-3-1-6- ویژگی های اقليمی استان………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 197

3-3-2- شهرستان شیراز……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 199

3-3-2-1- ویژگی های جغرافیایی طبیعی……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 199

3-3-2-2- بخش های شهرستان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 200

3-3-2-3- موقعیت پستی ها و بلندی ها………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 201

3-3-3- شهر شیراز………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 202

3-3-3-1- وجه تسمیه شیراز…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 202

3-3-3-2- فرهنگ و هنر و جهانگردی…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 202

3-3-3-3- شیراز از دیدگاه جهانگردان…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 203

3-3-3-4- مشخصات ساختار کالبدی بافت تاریخی _ فرهنگی شیراز……………………………………………………….. 206

3-3-3-5- روند شکل گیری بافت تاریخی شیراز…………………………………………………………………………………….. 208

3-3-3-5-1- مشخصه های اصلی ساختار شهر شیراز از بدو پیدایش……………………………………………………. 210

3-3-3-5-2- شیراز در زمان صفاریان……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 211

3-3-3-5-3- شیراز در زمان آل بویه…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 211

3-3-3-5-4- مشخصه های اصلی ساختاری شهر شیراز در زمان آل بویه……………………………………………… 212

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-3-3-5-5- شیراز در زمان سلجوقیان……………………………………………………………………………………………… 213

3-3-3- 5-6- شیراز در زمان اتابکان فارس (سلغریان)………………………………………………………………………. 213

3-3-3-5-7- مشخصه های اصلی ساختاری شهر شیراز در زمان اتابکان فارس…………………………………….. 214

3-3-3-5-8- شیراز در زمان ایلخانان مغول……………………………………………………………………………………………… 215

3-3-3-5-9- شیراز در زمان آل مظفر…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 216

3-3-3-5-10- مشخصه های اصلی ساختاری شهر شیراز در زمان صفویه…………………………………………………. 216

3-3-3-5-11- مشخصه های اصلی ساختاری شهر شیراز در دوره زندیه…………………………………………………… 218

3-3-3-5-12- شیراز در زمان قاجار………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 219

3-3-3-5-13- شیراز در دوران معاصر……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 220

3-3-3-5-14- جمع بندی و محورهای تأثیر گذار بر شکل گیری بافت…………………………………………………….. 221

3-3-3-6- ویژگی های معماری شیراز………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 223

3-3-3-6-1- عناصر منحصر به فرد در معماری شیراز……………………………………………………………………………… 224

3-3-3-6-1-1- چهارطاقی ها………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 224

3-3-3-6-1-2- کاربرد سنگ و حجاری در معماری…………………………………………………………………………. 225

3-3-3-6-1-3- ستون های سنگی…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 226

3-3-3-6-1-4- سرستون های سنگی خاص……………………………………………………………………………………… 227

3-3-3-6-1-5- باغ…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 227

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-3-3-6-1-6- آب……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 228

3-3-3-6-1-7- کوشک…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 228

3-3-3-6-1-8- ایوان های دو ستونه…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 229

3-3-3-6-1-9- سرو………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 229

3-3-3-6-2- ویژگی های بارز معماری ساختمان های شیراز

3-3-3-6-2-1- مساجد و حسینیه ها…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 230

3-3-3-6-2-2- بقاع متبرکه و امامزاده ها…………………………………………………………………………………………. 231

3-3-3-6-2-3- بازارها……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 231

3-3-3-6-2-4- مدارس…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 232

3-3-3-6-2-5- آرامگاه ها……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 232

3-3-3-6-2-6- کاخ های حکومتی…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 233

3-3-3-6-2-7- باغ ها و کوشک ها…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 233

3-3-3-6-4- تقدس آب در شیراز………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 234

3-3-3-7- جغرافیای شیراز…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 238

3-3-3-8- جهت قبله…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 241

3-3-3-9- اقلیم شیراز………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 242

3-3-3-9-1- دمای هوا………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 242

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-3-3-9-2- رطوبت نسبی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 243

3-3-3-9-3- میزان بارندگی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 245

3-3-3-9-4- باد……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 245

3-3-3-9-4-1- چرخش بافت شهر و نتایج آن در رابطه با باد……………………………………………………………. 246

3-3-3-9-4-2- تأثیر باد در جهت گیری بناها………………………………………………………………………………….. 247

3-3-3-9-4-3- نقش باد در تعدیل شرایط زیستی در خیابان ها………………………………………………………….. 248

3-3-3-9-5- تابش خورشید…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 249

3-3-3-9-5-1- جهت گیری بافت شیراز با توجه به تابش و سایه………………………………………………………. 249

3-3-3-10- تحلیل شرایط اقلیمی

3-3-3-10-1- منطقه آسایش………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 250

3-3-3-10-2- تقویم نیاز به سایه و آفتاب………………………………………………………………………………………………. 251

3-3-3-10-3- تأثیر تابش آفتاب بر محیط………………………………………………………………………………………………. 252

3-3-3-10-4- تابش آفتاب و انرژی حاصل از آن در فضای خارج………………………………………………………….. 253

3-3-3-10-5- سایه بان های طبیعی……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 253

3-3-3-10-6- تأمین آسایش فضای خارجی………………………………………………………………………………………….. 254

3-3-3-10-7- سایه و آفتاب در معبر……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 254

3-3-3-10-8- کنترل افزایش دما بر اثر تابش…………………………………………………………………………………………. 255

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-3-3-10-9- سایه بان…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 257

3-3-3-10-10- استفاده از تبخیر و تعریق در کاهش دمای معابر………………………………………………………… 259

3-3-3-10-11- تعیین سطوح آب لازم در معابر……………………………………………………………………………….. 260

3-3-3-10-12- تعیین سطوح چمن لازم در معابر………………………………………………………………………………. 261

3-3-3-10-13- تعیین تعداد درخت لازم در معابر……………………………………………………………………………… 262

3-3-3-10-14- مقایسه میزان تبخیر از سطوح آب، گیاه  و خاک……………………………………………………… 263

3-3-3-10-15- نقش گیاهان در احساس شرجی………………………………………………………………………………. 264

3-3-3-10-16- باد در فضای آزاد……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 265

3-3-3-10-17- نقش باد در تعدیل شرایط حرارتی…………………………………………………………………………… 265

3-3-3-10-18- نتیجه گیری……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 266

3-3-3-10-19- فضاهای باز و یخبندان…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 266

3-3-3-10-20- نتایج نهایی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 268

3-3-4- آنالیز سایت…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 269

3-3-4-1- محور تاریخی شیراز………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 270

3-3-4-2- راه های دسترسی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 270

3-3-4-3- نورگیری سایت…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 271

3-3-4-4- دید از سایت………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 271

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

3-3-4-5- دید به سایت…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 272

3-3-4-6- آلودگی صوتی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 273

3-3-4-7- باد مطلوب…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 273

فصل چهارم: تجزیه وتحلیل

4-1- تجزیه و تحلیل نظریات………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 275

4-2- پاسخ به پرسش های پژوهش………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 275

4-3- اهداف ساخت مرکز همایش در شیراز………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 279

4-4- قابليت هاي مركز همايش هاي اسلامی…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 280

4-5- وظایف مرکز همایش های اسلامی……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 281

فصل پنجم: طراحی

5-1- تدوین مبانی نظری پروژه

5-1-1- مبانی نظری عام……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 283

5-1-2- مبانی نظـری خاص پروژه…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 283

5-2- مبانی نظری ایرانی در طرح…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 284

5-2-1- شفافیت……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 285

5-2-2- توازن………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 285

5-2-3- حجاب………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 285

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

5-2-4- درونگرایی، مرکزیت، محوریت…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 286

5-2-5- انعکاس ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 286

5-2-6- سلسله مراتب……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 286

5-2-6-1- حسن مادی و حسن معنوی……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 286

5-3- مشخصه های معماری شیراز در مرکز همایش……………………………………………………………………………………….. 287

منابع و مآخذ…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 287

چکیده انگلیسی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 298

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

فهرست تصاویر

 

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

تصویر 3-2-1: گنبد ساختمان اجلاس سران……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 172

تصویر3-2-2: فضاهای مختلف سالن اجلاس سران…………………………………………………………………………………………. 172

تصویر 3-2-3: تصاویر مختلف از سالن اجلاس سران………………………………………………………………………………………. 175

تصویر 3-2-4: سازه سالن مرکز همایش…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 179

تصویر 3-2-5: مرکز همایش های بین المللی برج میلاد………………………………………………………………………………….. 180

تصویر 3-2-6: سالن اصلی برج میلاد……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 181

تصویر 3-2-7: تصویر سمت راست، سالن کنفرانس سعدی، تصویر سمت چپ، سالن کنفرانس رودکی……………. 182

تصویر 3-2-8: مرکز همایش بین المللی دالیان………………………………………………………………………………………………… 187

تصویر 3-3-1: به ترتیب از راست به چپ: باغ تخت، دروازه قرآن، نقاره خانه………………………………………………….. 204

تصویر 3-3-2: کاربرد چهارطاقی پیش از اسلام و بعد از اسلام در شیراز………………………………………………………….. 224

تصویر 3-3-3: کاربرد سنگ در معماری شیراز……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 225

تصویر 3-3-4: ستون های سنگی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 226

تصویر 3-3-5: ستون های سنگی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 227

تصویر 3-3-6: نارنجستان قوام، باغ عفیف آباد، باغ ارم……………………………………………………………………………………. 228

تصویر 3-3-7: کوشک باغ نظر، کوشک باغ جهان نما……………………………………………………………………………………. 229

تصویر 3-3-8: به ترتیب ازراست: مسجد مشیرالملک، مسجد وکیل، مسجد عتیق، مسجد مشیرالملک……………….. 230

تصویر 3-3-9: سید علاءالدین حسین(ع)، علی بن حمزه(ع)، احمد بن موسی(ع)…………………………………………………… 231

تصویر 3-3-10: سایت مورد نظر در مجاورت مسجد نو و شاهچراغ…………………………………………………………………. 269

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

تصویر 3-3-11: محور تاریخی شیراز……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 270

تصویر3-3-12: دسترسی پیاده، دسترسی سواره  (خیابان احمدی)…………………………………………………………………….. 270

تصویر 3-3-13: نورگیری سایت…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 271

تصویر 3-3-14: دید از سایت به خیابان احمدی؛ دید از سایت به بازار طلافروشان…………………………………………… 271

تصویر 3-3-15: دید از سایت به مسجد نو؛دید از سایت به شاهچراغ……………………………………………………………….. 271

تصویر 3-3-16: دید از شاهچراغ به سایت؛ دید از مسجد نو به سایت ………………………………………………………………. 272

تصویر 3-3-17: دید از خیابان احمدی به سایت؛ دید از بازار به سایت…………………………………………………………….. 272

تصویر 3-3-18: آلودگی صوتی……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 273

تصویر 3-3-19: جهت وزش باد مطلوب………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 273

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

فهرست اشکال

 

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

شکل 3-1-1: معیارهای پخش صدا………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 101

شکل 3-1-2: روابط بین سالن و صحنه در پخش صدا……………………………………………………………………………………… 104

شکل 3-1-3: روابط  سالن و صحنه………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 105

شکل 3-1-4: ارتفاع شاخص دیـد به سکو………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 106

شکل 3-1-5: حداکثر زاویه قائم دید رو به بالا………………………………………………………………………………………………… 107

شکل 3-1-6: حداکثر زاویه قائم دید رو به پایین…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 108

شکل 3-1-7: جزئیات طراحی ردیف صندلی ها……………………………………………………………………………………………… 109

شکل3-1-8: زاویه دید به پرده نمایش…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 110

شکل 3-1-9: میدان دید و نسبت های قوس جلوی صحنه………………………………………………………………………………… 112

شکل 3-1-10: صندلی های ثابت و تاشو………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 117

شکل 3-1-11: ارتفاع صندلی، عرض ردیف، نسبت های تماشاگران سنتی، تنظیم صندلی…………………………………. 123

شکل 3-1-12: فاصله دیـد……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 126

شکل 3-1-13: پلان و برش صحنه تئاتر سه قسمتی………………………………………………………………………………………….. 130

شکل 3-1-14: تکنولوژی تغییر سن………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 132

شکل 3-1-15: سیستم تعلیق…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 136

شکل 3-1-16: صحنه ها یا سکوهای بالا و پایین شونده…………………………………………………………………………………… 136

شکل 3-1-17: ابعاد صحنه برای اجرای تئاتر و نمایش معمولی………………………………………………………………………… 138

شکل 3-2-1: پلان اجلاس سران…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 173

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

شکل 3-2-2: برش سالن اجلاس سران……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 173

شکل 3-2-3: مرکز همایش اصفهان……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 176

شکل 3-2-4: مجموعه مرکز همایش های بین المللی………………………………………………………………………………………. 177

شکل 3-2-5: فضاهای ویژه مرکز همایش………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 178

شکل 3-2-6: پلان سالن مرکز همایش……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 178

شکل 3-2-7: طرح کلی سالن همایش اصفهان………………………………………………………………………………………………… 179

شکل 3-2-8: مرکز همایش های بین المللی برج میلاد…………………………………………………………………………………….. 180

شکل 3-2-9: مرکز همایش و نمایشگاه اوما……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 185

شکل 3-2-10: پلان مرکز همایش و نمایشگاه اوما………………………………………………………………………………………….. 186

شکل 3-2-11: پلان مرکز همایش بین المللی دالیان………………………………………………………………………………………… 187

شکل 3-2-12: نقشه های مرکز همایش بین المللی دالیان…………………………………………………………………………………. 188

شکل 3-2-13: مرکز همایش یینگ کو………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 189

شکل3-2-14: برش مرکز همایش یینگ کو…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 189

شکل3-2-15: برش مرکز همایش یینگ کو…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 190

شکل 3-2-16: پلان و موقعیت مرکز همایش یینگ کو…………………………………………………………………………………… 190

شکل 3-3-1: موقعیت استان فارس در کشور………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 193

شکل 3-3-2: موقعیت شهرستان شیراز در استان فارس…………………………………………………………………………………….. 200

شکل 3-3-3:  محور تاریخی شیراز ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 223

شکل 3-3-4: مقایسه راستای مسکونی با جهت قبله…………………………………………………………………………………………. 241

شکل 3-3-6: گلبادهای فصلی و سالانه شیراز…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 246

شکل 3-3-7: چگونگی چرخش بافت شیراز نسبت به شمال…………………………………………………………………………….. 246

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

شکل 3-3-8: جهت بافت شیراز در رابطه با باد………………………………………………………………………………………………… 247

شکل 3-3-9: جهت بافت شیراز در رابطه با باد………………………………………………………………………………………………… 248

شکل 3-3- 10:  نمودار  مسیر حرکت خورشید در عرض 29 درجه شمالی………………………………………………………. 248

شکل 3-3-11: موقعیت آب و هوایی شیراز روی نمودار بیوکلیماتیک……………………………………………………………… 250

شکل 3-3-12: تقویم نیاز آب و هوایی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 251

شکل 3-3-13: بررسی عمق معبر در گرمای حاصل شده روی جداره ها…………………………………………………………… 255

شکل 3-3-14: نمودار ایجاد سایه با زاویه 62 درجه…………………………………………………………………………………………. 258

 

 

 

فهرست جداول

 

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

جدول 3-1-2: اندازه عرض صندلی………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 120

جدول3-1-3: اندازه شیب صندلی………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 121

جدول 3-1-4: حجم……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 162

جدول شماره 3-3-1: دمای هوای شیراز در ماه های مختلف……………………………………………………………………………. 242

جدول 3-3-2: متوسط رطوبت نسبی شهر شیراز………………………………………………………………………………………………. 243

جدول 3-3-3: گروه بندی رطوبتی…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 244

جدول 3-3-4: میزان بارندگی سالیانه………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 245

جدول 3-3-5: جهت بادهای غالب و بادهای درجه دوم در شیراز…………………………………………………………………….. 245

جدول 3-3-6: قابلیت جذب حرارتی اجسام……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 256

جدول 3-3-7: قدرت تبخیر پذیری هوا بر اساس سرعت باد و میزان رطوبت نسبی……………………………………………. 259

جدول 3-3-8: میزان دمای خشک و وزن مخصوص هوا…………………………………………………………………………………. 260

 

  

فهرست پیوست ها

 

عنوان………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. صفحه

پیوست الف: تصاویر مربوط به مرکز همایش های اسلامی تیرازیس………………………………………………………………………… 297

پیوست ب: نقشه های مربوط به مرکز همایش های اسلامی تیرازیس……………………………………………………………………….. 301

پیوست پ: ماکت مرکز همایش های اسلامی تیرازیس…………………………………………………………………………………………. 303

370 دیدگاه برای دانلود پروژه: مرکز همایش های اسلامی تیرازیس با نگرش به معماری ایرانی از صفاریان تا معاصر

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